Biota

Evaluating the Efficiency of Lemna perpussilla in Removing Heavy Metals from River Wastewater in Yogyakarta

2025-12-14T21:31:34+07:00

Heavy metal pollution in Yogyakarta's rivers, caused by textile industries, sand mining, and domestic waste, poses significant environmental and health risks. While conventional water treatment methods face limitations, phytoremediation using Lemna offers a sustainable solution due to its ability to absorb heavy metals efficiently. This study assessed the impact of varying Lemna biomass (control, 20 g, 30 g, 40 g, 50 g per container) on reducing As, Cd, Cr, and Pb in textile, sand mining, and domestic wastewater over three weeks. Heavy metal concentrations were measured using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), and Lemna’s growth rates were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD. Results showed that Lemna perpusilla effectively adsorbs As, Cd, Cr, and Pb from domestic, sand mining, and batik textile wastewater, with higher biomass leading to improved removal efficiencies. Maximum heavy metal adsorption was observed in batik textile wastewater, achieving over 70% removal for all metals, while domestic and sand mining wastewater showed variable adsorption rates depending on the metal and Lemna biomass. Optimal biomass for growth and adsorption varied: 30 g for domestic, 50 g for sand mining, and 40 g for batik textile wastewater.

Phylogenetic Relationship of Plastid Large Single Copy Genome and Potential of Ginsenoside Compounds from Panax notoginseng in Alzheimer Disease

2025-12-15T09:10:50+07:00

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most prevalent cause of dementia, marked by cognitive decline and memory loss. Current treatments are largely symptomatic and do not halt disease progression, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutics. Natural products, such as Panax notoginseng, offer promising alternatives due to their structural diversity and multi-target potential. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of 125 terpenoid compounds identified from P. notoginseng, focusing on their relevance to AD. Eight ginsenosides demonstrated notable neuroprotective effects, including improvements in memory and cognitive function. Among them, Ginsenoside Rb1 and Notoginsenoside R1 exhibited low predicted toxicity via oral and intraperitoneal routes, indicating favorable safety profiles. Target prediction and molecular docking suggest these compounds interact with G protein-coupled receptors implicated in cognition and neuroprotection, such as dopaminergic, serotonergic, muscarinic, and adrenergic receptors. However, their deviation from Lipinski’s Rule of Five may limit oral bioavailability. To address this, nanotechnology-based delivery systems are proposed to enhance solubility, permeability, and drug-likeness. These findings support the continued exploration of P. notoginseng ginsenosides as potential anti-dementia agents and highlight nanotechnology's role in overcoming pharmacokinetic limitations

Macroscopic Fungi in Grassland and Rubber Plantation Habitat Types in Special Purpose Forest Areas of Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia

2025-12-15T08:56:21+07:00

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a severe condition marked by a rapid decline in kidney function, often linked to inflammation and oxidative stress. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome triggers inflammation by releasing interleukin-18 (IL-18), exacerbating renal damage. Persea americana Mill. (avocado) contains bioactive compounds with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of P. americana leaves in inhibiting IL-18 mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome using a bioinformatic approach. Active compounds were identified through The Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry And Therapeutics (IMPPAT) and KNApSAcK databases. Molecular docking simulations assessed their binding affinity to the NLRP3 inflammasome, while network pharmacology analysis explored interactions with inflammation-related pathways. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis highlighted the biological processes influenced by these compounds. The results showed that flavonoids such as luteolin and apigenin exhibited strong binding affinity to the NLRP3 inflammasome, with docking scores of -8.6850 kcal/mol and -8.2520 kcal/mol, respectively, indicating their potential to modulate inflammatory pathways. Network pharmacology analysis indicated that these compounds are linked to apoptosis and oxidative stress regulation, both critical in AKI progression. These findings suggest that P. americana leaves have promising anti-inflammatory potential by targeting IL-18 inhibition through modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, highlighting their value as a natural therapeutic agent for managing AKI.

The Effectiveness Of Problem-Based E-Posters On The Learning Outcomes Of Students In Class Vii SMP Muhammadiyah Al-Kautasar Pk Kartasura On Ecological Study

2025-12-14T21:32:29+07:00

Implementing e-poster media can improve learning outcomes. E-poster media is defined as a poster created using a computer graphics program in a digital format. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is one learning model based on the constructivist paradigm that focuses on the student's learning process. The integration of e-posters with PBL has the potential to offer challenges that motivate students to actively seek solutions, thereby enhancing their engagement and learning outcomes. This study aims to ascertain the efficacy of problem-based e-poster learning media in influencing student learning outcomes. The research method is descriptive quantitative, employing a pre-test and post-test design with a control or comparison group. The research sample was obtained through purposive sampling, with a total of 120 seventh-grade students from SMP Muhamadiyah Al-Kautsar PK Kartasura participating in the study. The data collection instrument employed a cognitive learning outcome test comprising 20 multiple-choice questions and observation sheets to assess affective and psychomotor domains. The findings indicated that problem-based e-poster media can enhance students' cognitive learning outcomes effectively, with an n-gain value of 0.3791, categorizing it as moderate. Furthermore, the results indicated that 61% of students demonstrated an excellent category in affective learning outcomes, while 67% of students exhibited a good category in psychomotor scores.

The Efficacy of Haematococcus pluvialis Culture as a Bioremediator for Tofu Effluent

2025-12-15T09:11:58+07:00

Wastewater management is one of the issues at the heart of the Sustainable Development Goals. This is urgent because waste that is not properly managed can cause damage to water bodies, reducing clean water sources that can be used for household, office and industrial needs. One of the low-cost yet effective wastewater management strategies which also produce valuable products is the use of microalgae as remediators to improve the quality of polluted waters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of H. pluvialis culture as a bioremediator for tofu effluent. The research stages consisted of activation of H. pluvialis microalgal starter in Walne medium, followed by cultivation of microalgae in tofu effluent medium, observation of microalgal growth in the effluent, and measurement of water quality parameters such as pH, colour, BOD and COD, as well as the aroma of tofu effluent before and after use as a microalgal growth medium. According to the growth curve of H. pluvialis in the tofu wastewater medium, it is known that this microalgae can grow well in the effluent and can improve wastewater quality. Where the pungent odour typical of soya waste began to disappear from the second day of cultivation, the pH increased from acidic to neutral, and BOD and COD levels were drastically reduced. In conclusion, H. pluvialis microalgae can be used as a bioremidiator of tofu ffluent as it can effectively improve the quality of the wastewater.