Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution Patterns of Natural Enemy Insects on Chili (Capsicum annum L.) in Bincau Village, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan
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Dec 31, 2020
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Abstract
Chili is a widely cultivated plant by the community because of its profit. Currently, in maintaining the quality of chili, people commonly use a lot of pesticides. In contrast, naturally, there are biological agents in the shape of natural enemy insects, more effective, and environmentally friendly. This study aims to determine the diversity, abundance, and distribution patterns of natural enemy insects in chili plantation (Capsicum annum L.) at Bincau Village, Martapura District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. The sample is collected by pitfall trap, yellow pan trap, and sweep net method. Obtained data are analyzed by Shannon Wienner index (H'), Meyer abundance index, Morisita index (Id), and PCA method for environmental parameter analysis. The results showed the diversity of natural enemy insects on chili plants was moderate (H' = 2.396). Furthermore, the highest abundance in research is demonstrated on Hymenoptera order, which consisted of 9 families, 16 species, and 1,009 individuals. The distribution pattern of natural enemy insects in chili plantations is clustered (Id > 1). Based on the PCA analysis method, the temperature has the most impact on natural enemy insects' presence in this study.
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References
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Qodir, H. A., Maryana, N., & Pudjianto, P. (2017). Biologi Scelio pembertoni Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) pada telur Oxya japonica (Thunberg) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia, 14(2), 58–68. https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.14.2.58
Saeed, R., Razaq, M., & Hardy, I. C. W. (2015). The importance of alternative host plants as reservoirs of the cotton leaf hopper, Amrasca devastans, and its natural enemies. Journal of Pest Science, 88(3), 517–531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-014-0638-7
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Souza, I. L., Tomazella, V. B., Santos, A. J. N., Moraes, T., & Silveira, L. C. P. (2019). Parasitoids diversity in organic sweet pepper (capsicum annuum) associated with basil (ocimum basilicum) and marigold (tagetes erecta). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 79(4), 603–611. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.185417
Staab, M., & Schuldt, A. (2020). The Influence of Tree Diversity on Natural Enemies—a Review of the "Enemies" Hypothesis in Forests. Current Forestry Reports, 6(4), 243–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-020-00123-6
Stahlhut, J. K., Fernández-Triana, J., Adamowicz, S. J., Buck, M., Goulet, H., Hebert, P. D. N., … Smith, M. A. (2013). DNA barcoding reveals diversity of Hymenoptera and the dominance of parasitoids in a sub-arctic environment. BMC Ecology, 13(26 January), 2–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-13-2
Trianto, M., & Marisa, F. (2020). Diversity of Hymenoptera Insect in Cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) Agricultural Area at Martapura District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. Natural Science: Journal of Science and Technology, 9(2), 29–33. https://doi.org/10.22487/25411969.2020.v9.i2.15174
Trianto, M., Marisa, F., Nuraini, & Sukmawati. (2020). Keanekaragaman Jenis Rayap Pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Dan Perkebunan Karet Di Kabupaten Banjar Kalimantan. Jurnal Biologi, 5(2), 199–209. https://doi.org/10.20956/bioma.v5i2.10716
Trianto, M., Marisa, F., Siswandari, N. P., Batuah, P., & Sekumpul, P. (2020). Kelimpahan Nisbi, Frekuensi Dan Dominansi Jenis Lalat Di Beberapa Pasar Tradisional Di Kecamatan Martapura. Journal of Biological Sciences, 7(September), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2020.v07.i02.p04
Trianto, M., & Purwanto, H. (2020). Morphological characteristics and morphometrics of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(6), 2619–2628. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210633
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Vanderhaegen, K., Naturinda, Z., Kouakou, L. M. M., Vanderheyden, A., & Dekoninck, W. (2019). First record of the invasive longhorn crazy ant, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Mt. Elgon, eastern Uganda. BioInvasions Records, 8(3), 505–514. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2019.8.3.05
Yudha, D. S., Pratama, M. Z. M., & Eprilurahman, R. (2019). Antlers Characterization for Identification of Deer Species (Family Cervidae) in Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 4(3), 97. https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.45667
Bernstein, C., Kacelnik, A., & Krebs, J. R. (1991). Individual Decisions and the Distribution of Predators in a Patchy Environment. II. The Influence of Travel Costs and Structure of the Environment. The Journal of Animal Ecology, 60(1), 205. https://doi.org/10.2307/5455
Bischoff, M., Lord, J. M., Robertson, A. W., & Dyer, A. G. (2013). Hymenopteran pollinators as agents of selection on flower colour in the New Zealand mountains: Salient chromatic signals enhance flower discrimination. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 51(3), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2013.806933
Forbes, A. A., Bagley, R. K., Beer, M. A., Hippee, A. C., & Widmayer, H. A. (2018). Quantifying the unquantifiable: Why Hymenoptera, not Coleoptera, is the most speciose animal order. BMC Ecology, 18(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-018-0176-x
Ghazali, A., Asmah, S., Syafiq, M., Yahya, M. S., Aziz, N., Tan, L. P., … Azhar, B. (2016). Effects of monoculture and polyculture farming in oil palm smallholdings on terrestrial arthropod diversity. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 19(2), 415–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2016.04.016
Gunawardene, N. R., & Taylor, C. K. (2012). New records of Elasmus (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) species from barrow island, Western Australia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 29(15 october 2012), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.29.3605
Hu, Z. (2020). What socio-economic and political factors lead to global pesticide dependence? A critical review from a social science perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218119
Kurniawati, N. (2015). Keragaman dan Kelimpahan Musuh Alami Hama pada Habitat Padi yang Dimanipulasi dengan Tumbuhan Berbunga. Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science), 18(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.6175
Ludwig, J., & John, R. (1989). Statistical Ecology A Primer On Metods and Compling. New York: John Wiley dan Sons.
Magurran, A. E. (2004). Measuring biological diversity. Choice Reviews Online (Vol. 42). USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.42-1547
McCoshum, S. M., Andreoli, S. L., Stenoien, C. M., Oberhauser, K. S., & Baum, K. A. (2016). Species distribution models for natural enemies of monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) larvae and pupae: distribution patterns and implications for conservation. Journal of Insect Conservation, 20(2), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-016-9856-z
Medeiros, H. R., Grandinete, Y. C., Manning, P., Harper, K. A., Cutler, G. C., Tyedmers, P., … Ribeiro, M. C. (2019). Forest cover enhances natural enemy diversity and biological control services in Brazilian sun coffee plantations. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 39(6), 50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-019-0600-4
Miall, J. H., Abram, P. K., Cappuccino, N., Bennett, A. M. R., Fernández-Triana, J. L., Gibson, G. A. P., & Mason, P. G. (2020). Addition of nectar sources affects a parasitoid community without improving pest suppression. Journal of Pest Science, 93(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-020-01274-y
Omkar, & Pervez, A. (2016). Ladybird Beetles. In F. E. Vega & R. W. Hofstetter (Eds.), Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security (pp. 281–310). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803265-7.00009-9
Pazikowska-Sapota, G., Galer-Tatarowicz, K., Dembska, G., Wojtkiewicz, M., Duljas, E., Pietrzak, S., & Dzierzbicka-Glowacka, L. A. (2020). The impact of pesticides used at the agricultural land of the Puck commune on the environment of the Puck Bay. PeerJ, 2020(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8789
Pohl, H., & Beutel, R. G. (2013). The Strepsiptera-Odyssey: the history of the systematic placement of an enigmatic parasitic insect order. Entomologia, 1(e4), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.4081/entomologia.2013.e4
Putra, I. L. I., & Utami, L. B. (2020). Keanekaragaman Serangga Musuh Alami Pada Tanaman Cabai Di Desa Wiyoro, Kecamatan Banguntapan, Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta. Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi, 13(1), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v13i1.12253
Qodir, H. A., Maryana, N., & Pudjianto, P. (2017). Biologi Scelio pembertoni Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) pada telur Oxya japonica (Thunberg) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia, 14(2), 58–68. https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.14.2.58
Saeed, R., Razaq, M., & Hardy, I. C. W. (2015). The importance of alternative host plants as reservoirs of the cotton leaf hopper, Amrasca devastans, and its natural enemies. Journal of Pest Science, 88(3), 517–531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-014-0638-7
Sativa, M., Harianto, H., & Suryana, A. (2017). Impact of Red Chilli Reference Price Policy in Indonesia. International Journal of Agriculture System, 5(2), 120. https://doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v5i2.1201
Schinner, F., Kandeler, E., Ohlinger, R., & Margesin, R. (2014). Methods in Soil Biology (1st ed.). German: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1 0071978·3-642-60966-4
Souza, I. L., Tomazella, V. B., Santos, A. J. N., Moraes, T., & Silveira, L. C. P. (2019). Parasitoids diversity in organic sweet pepper (capsicum annuum) associated with basil (ocimum basilicum) and marigold (tagetes erecta). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 79(4), 603–611. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.185417
Staab, M., & Schuldt, A. (2020). The Influence of Tree Diversity on Natural Enemies—a Review of the "Enemies" Hypothesis in Forests. Current Forestry Reports, 6(4), 243–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-020-00123-6
Stahlhut, J. K., Fernández-Triana, J., Adamowicz, S. J., Buck, M., Goulet, H., Hebert, P. D. N., … Smith, M. A. (2013). DNA barcoding reveals diversity of Hymenoptera and the dominance of parasitoids in a sub-arctic environment. BMC Ecology, 13(26 January), 2–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-13-2
Trianto, M., & Marisa, F. (2020). Diversity of Hymenoptera Insect in Cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) Agricultural Area at Martapura District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. Natural Science: Journal of Science and Technology, 9(2), 29–33. https://doi.org/10.22487/25411969.2020.v9.i2.15174
Trianto, M., Marisa, F., Nuraini, & Sukmawati. (2020). Keanekaragaman Jenis Rayap Pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Dan Perkebunan Karet Di Kabupaten Banjar Kalimantan. Jurnal Biologi, 5(2), 199–209. https://doi.org/10.20956/bioma.v5i2.10716
Trianto, M., Marisa, F., Siswandari, N. P., Batuah, P., & Sekumpul, P. (2020). Kelimpahan Nisbi, Frekuensi Dan Dominansi Jenis Lalat Di Beberapa Pasar Tradisional Di Kecamatan Martapura. Journal of Biological Sciences, 7(September), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2020.v07.i02.p04
Trianto, M., & Purwanto, H. (2020). Morphological characteristics and morphometrics of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(6), 2619–2628. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210633
Tsurayya, S., & Kartika, L. (2015). Kelembagaan dan Strategi Peningkatan Daya Saing Komoditas Daya Saing Komoditas Cabai Kabupaten Garut. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Agribisnis, 12(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.17358/jma.12.1.1
Vanderhaegen, K., Naturinda, Z., Kouakou, L. M. M., Vanderheyden, A., & Dekoninck, W. (2019). First record of the invasive longhorn crazy ant, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Mt. Elgon, eastern Uganda. BioInvasions Records, 8(3), 505–514. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2019.8.3.05
Yudha, D. S., Pratama, M. Z. M., & Eprilurahman, R. (2019). Antlers Characterization for Identification of Deer Species (Family Cervidae) in Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 4(3), 97. https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.45667